针灸学实验指导(中文版、英文版)

绪言

【目的要求】

1.掌握针灸学的概念、针灸疗法的特点及针灸学发展的阶段性成就。

2.熟悉针灸学的发展简史，现代研究进展及对世界医学产生的影响。

3.了解本课程的主要内容，学习目的和学习方法。

【教学内容】

1.讲授针灸学的概念：《针灸学》是以中医理论为指导，研究经络、腧穴及刺灸方法，探讨运用针灸防治疾病规律的一门学科。

2.简要介绍针灸疗法的特点：针灸疗法具有适应证广、疗效显著、应用方便、经济、安全等优点。

3.讲授针灸的起源，发展概况及历史重要成就;从古到今的对外交流;当代国内外

针灸发展概况;重点讲授针灸学发展的阶段性成就。

4.简要介绍针灸学的主要内容、学习目的及方法。内容包括经络、腧穴、刺法灸法与针灸治疗;学习目的是使学生掌握针灸学理论并能指导临床，达到运用针灸疗法防治疾病的目的;学习方法即熟记基本知识，反复练习操作技术，注意理论与实践的密切结合。

【教学方法】

课堂讲授

【教学时数】

2学时 

实验一　肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经经穴的点穴示教

【实验目的】：在学习肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经的经脉循行及腧穴基础上，通过实习，掌握肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经临床常用穴位的点取方法。

【实验时间】：3课时。

【实验器材】：多功能针灸推拿模拟实验室、点穴笔、电子点穴模型。

【实验步骤】：

1.观看示范：男女生分为两大组，分别由教师示教肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经腧穴的取法及定位。

2.实体练习：学生观看教师示范点穴后，2人一组，反复练习，能够熟练掌握肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经腧穴的取法及定位。

3.观看电子点穴模型：掌握肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经腧穴的取法及定位后，观看电子模型上肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经腧穴的定位。

4.同学示范：选出2名同学进行示范点取，以便发现问题，及时纠正。

5 .随机考查：教师随机给出肺经、大肠经、胃经、脾经腧穴的名称或定位，学生即刻准确点取腧穴，或准确说出腧穴及归经。

实验二　心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经经穴的点穴示教

【实验目的】：在学习心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经经脉循行及腧穴基础上，通过实习，掌握心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经临床常用穴位的点取方法。

【实习时间】：3课时。

【实习器材】：多功能针灸推拿实训示教室、点穴笔、电子点穴模型。

【实验步骤】：

1.观看示范：男女生分为两大组，分别由教师示教心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经腧穴的取法及定位。

2.实体练习：学生观看教师示范点穴后，2人一组，反复练习，能够熟练掌握心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经腧穴的取法及定位。

3.观看电子点穴模型：掌握心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经腧穴的取法及定位后，观看电子模型上心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经腧穴的定位。

4.同学示范：选出2名同学进行示范点取，以便发现问题，及时纠正。

5 .随机考查：教师随机给出心经、小肠经、膀胱经、肾经腧穴的名称或定位，学生即刻准确点取腧穴，或准确说出腧穴及归经。

实验三　心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经经穴的点穴示教

【实验目的】：在学习心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经经脉循行及腧穴基础上，通过实习，掌握心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经临床常用穴位的点取方法。

【实习时间】：3课时。

【实习器材】：多功能针灸推拿实训示教室、点穴笔、电子点穴模型。

【实验步骤】：

1.观看示范：男女生分为两大组，分别由教师示教心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经腧穴的取法及定位。

2.实体练习：学生观看教师示范点穴后，2人一组，反复练习，能够熟练掌握心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经腧穴的取法及定位。

3.观看电子点穴模型：掌握心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经腧穴的取法及定位后，观看电子模型上心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经腧穴的定位。

4.同学示范：选出2名同学进行示范点取，以便发现问题，及时纠正。

5 .随机考查：教师随机给出心包经、三焦经、胆经、肝经腧穴的名称或定位，学生即刻准确点取腧穴，或准确说出腧穴及归经。

实验四　任、督脉穴位的点穴示教

【实验目的】：在学习任脉、督脉经脉循行及腧穴基础上，通过实习，掌握任、督脉临床常用穴位的点取方法。

【实习时间】：2课时。

【实习器材】：多功能针灸推拿实训示教室、点穴笔、电子点穴模型。

【实验步骤】：

1.观看示范：男女生分为两大组，分别由教师示教任脉、督脉腧穴的取法及定位。

2.实体练习：学生观看教师示范点穴后，2人一组，反复练习，能够熟练掌握任脉、督脉腧穴的取法及定位。

3.观看电子点穴模型：掌握任脉、督脉腧穴的取法及定位后，观看电子模型上任脉、督脉腧穴的定位。

4.同学示范：选出2名同学进行示范点取，以便发现问题，及时纠正。

5 .随机考查：教师随机给出任脉、督脉腧穴的名称或定位，学生即刻准确点取腧穴，或准确说出腧穴及归经。

实验五　毫针刺法

【实验目的】：在学习毫针针刺方法的基础上，通过实习，掌握不同部位的进针方法，在操作中，能够恰当地把握针刺的角度、方向和深度，掌握得气，并施行不同的补泻手法的操作练习，掌握针刺操作的全过程。

【实习时间】：3课时。

【实习器材】：毫针(40*0.25mm),消毒棉球,75%乙醇,针盘,镊子等。

【实验步骤】：

1.观看示范：教师示教，在不同的部位，分别采用不同的进针方法，按一定的方向、角度、深度针刺，得气后施行补泻手法，留针、出针。

2.实体练习：同学观看示范操作后，2人一组，反复练习，使之熟练、规范。

实验六　灸法及拔罐法练习

【实验目的】：通过练习，掌握临床常用的灸法和拔罐方法及其运用。

【实习时间】：2课时。

【实习器材】：艾绒、清艾条、生姜、毫针、玻璃罐、按摩乳、75%乙醇、消毒棉球、酒精灯、镊子，酒精灯，火柴等。

【实验步骤】：

1.观看示范：教师示教，在不同的部位，分别采用不同的灸法及拔罐手法，进行操作。

2.实体练习：同学观看示范操作后，2人一组，反复练习，使之熟练、规范。并注意观察灸后、拔罐后施术部位皮肤血管的形态变化。

实验七　其它针法

【实验目的】：通过实习，掌握电针、三棱针、皮肤针的基本操作技术。

【实习时间】：2课时。

【实习器材】：电针仪、三棱针、皮肤针、 75%乙醇、消毒棉球。

【实验步骤】：

1.教师示范：对电针操作、三棱针刺法中的点刺法、散刺法和皮肤针刺法操作进行示范教学。

2.实体练习：同学观看示范操作后，2人一组，反复练习，使之熟练、规范。

针灸学实验指导(英文)

Direction of Acupuncture Experiments

Introduction

【Experiment purposes】：

The students should:

1. Master the definition of acupuncture, feature of acupuncture therapy and the phased achievement.

2. Be familiar with the brief history of acupuncture, modern research and the impact on world medical science.

3. Understand the main content, study purpose and method.

【Teaching content】

1. Lecture on the definition of acupuncture: Acupuncture is a science which mainly studies the methods of channels, acupuncture points and acupuncture and moxibustion technique, and discusses diseases’ prevention and treatment under the instruction of TCM theories.

2. A brief introduction to the features of acupuncture therapy: wide indication, effective in treatment, easy application, economic, safe abound.

3. Some points on acupuncture: origin, development, historical achievement, foreign exchange from ancient to today, the development both home and abroad; phased achievement is the key.

4. Main contents on acupuncture, study purposes and methods, which includes the content learning of channels, acupuncture points and acupuncture and moxibustion technique and treatment; to make students master theories and put them into practice, so as to prevent and cure diseases; ways of learning basic knowledge, repeatedly practicing and focusing on the closer combination of theories and practice can achieve the purposes.

【Teaching methodology】：

Class lectures

【Teaching hours】：

2 hours

Experiment 1  Channels of Lung, Large Intestine, Stomach, Spleen Points Channels Acupoint-pressing Demonstrating

【Experiment purposes】：To make the students master the clinic common acupoint-pressing techniques, through practicing based on the learning of the channels of lung, large intestine, stomach, spleen.

【Experiment hours】 ：3

【Experiment appliances】：

Multifunctional acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina training demonstration classroom, acupoint-pressing pen, electric acupoint-pressing model 

【Experiment step】：

1.Observing teacher’s demonstration： Students are divided into two groups to observe teacher’s showing of the acupoint-pressing and location methods of the channels of lung, large intestine, stomach, spleen points respectively,

2. Practicing: The students do the exercises skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration.

3. Observing the electric acupoint-pressing model: observing electric acupoint-pressing model after mastering the acupoint-pressing methods of the lung, large intestine, stomach and spleen channels.

4. Observing students’ demonstration：Two students show how to locate the points. Then the teacher corrects the faults at the scene.

5. Testing randomly: The teacher gives the points’ names or location randomly. Then the students show how to locate the point or give the points’ names and distribute the points to related channels.

Experiment 2  The Acupoint-pressing Demonstrating of Channels of the Heart, Small Intestine, Bladder and Kidney

【Experiment purpose】：To have the students master the commonly clinical acupoint-pressing methods of the channels of the heart, small intestine, bladder and kidney.

through practicing.

【Experiment hours】 ：3 hours

【Experiment appliances】：

Multifunctional acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina training demonstration classroom, acupoint-pressing pen and electric point acupoint-pressing model 

【Experiment step】：

1.Observing teacher’s demonstration： Teacher shows the acupoint-pressing and location methods of the heart, small intestine, bladder and kidney channels points respectively.

2.Practicing: The students do the practices skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration.

3. Observing the electric acupoint-pressing model: Observing acupoint-pressing model after mastering the methods of the heart, small intestine, bladder and kidney channels. 

4. Observing students’ demonstration：Two students show how to locate the points. Then the teacher corrects the faults at the scene.

5. Testing randomly: The teacher gives the points’ names or location randomly. Then the students show how to locate the point or give the points’ names and distribute the points to related channels.

Experiment 3　 The Acupoint-pressing Demonstrating of Channels of Pericardium, Triple Energizer, Gallbladder and Liver

【Experiment purpose】：

To have the students master the commonly clinical acupoint-pressing methods of channels of pericardium, triple energizer, gallbladder and liver through practicing.

【Experiment hours】 ：3 hours

【Experiment appliances】：

Multifunctional acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina training demonstration classroom, acupoint-pressing pen and electric point acupoint-pressing model 

【Experiment step】：

1. Observing teacher’s demonstration： Teacher shows the acupoint-pressing and location methods of the channels of pericardium, triple energizer, gallbladder and liver respectively.

2. Practicing: The students do the practices skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration.

3. Observing the electric acupoint-pressing model: Observing acupoint-pressing model after mastering the methods of channels of pericardium, triple energizer, gallbladder and liver. 

4. Observing students’ demonstration：Two students show how to locate the points. Then the teacher corrects the faults at the scene.

5. Testing randomly: The teacher gives the points’ names or location randomly. Then the students show how to locate the point or give the points’ names and distribute the points to related channels.

Experiment 4　 The Acupoint-pressing Demonstrating of Channels of the Du and Ren

【Experiment purpose】：

To have the students master the commonly clinical acupoint-pressing methods of the channels of ren and du through practicing.

【Experiment hours】 ：2 hours

【Experiment appliances】：

Multifunctional acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina training demonstration classroom, acupoint-pressing pen and electric point acupoint-pressing model 

【Experiment step】：

1. Observing teacher’s demonstration：Teacher shows the acupoint-pressing and location methods of the channels of ren and du respectively.

2. Practicing: The students do the practices skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration.

3. Observing the electric acupoint-pressing model: Observing acupoint-pressing model after mastering the location methods of channels of ren and du respectively.

4. Observing students’ demonstration：Two students show how to locate the points. Then the teacher corrects the faults at the scene.

5. Testing randomly: The teacher gives the points’ names or location randomly. Then the students show how to locate the point or give the points’ names and distribute the points to related channels.

Experiment 5 　 Manipulation of Filiform Needle Pricking

【Experiment purpose】

Have students master the operation process of needle insertion, needle retaining, manipulating needles, withdraw the needle of acupuncture, needle sensation and manipulating needles method, reinforcing and reducing method after the practice.

【Experiment hours】 3 hours

【Experiment appliances】

Acupuncture filiform needle (40*0.25mm), sterilized cotton ball,75% alcohol cotton ball, tweezers and the forth.

【Experiment step】

1. Observing teacher’s demonstration：The teacher shows how to operate needle insertion, needle retaining, manipulating needles, withdraw the needle of acupuncture，needle sensation and manipulating needles method, reinforcing and reducing method after the practice.

2 . Practice exercises: The students do the exercises skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration.

Experiment 6 　 Moxibustion and Cupping 

【Experiment purpose】：

To have students master the operation of moxibustion and cupping.

【Experiment hours】 ：2 hours

【Experiment appliances】：

moxa, ginger, acupuncture needle, glass jars, Massage Milk, 75% alcohol, sterile cotton balls, alcohol lamp, tweezers, matches and the like.

【Experiment step】：

1. Observing teacher’s demonstration：The teacher shows how to operate different moxibustion and cupping methods on different parts.

2 .Practice exercises: The students do the exercises skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration and observe the morphological change of skin and capillaries after Moxibustion and cupping.

Experiment 7 　Other Manipulation of Filiform Needling

【Experiment purpose】：

To have students master the operation of electrotherapy, three-edged needle, skin needle.

【Experiment hours】 ：2hours

【Experiment appliances】：

The instrument of electrotherapy , acupuncture needle(40*0.25mm), 3-edged needle, skin needle,75% alcohol, sterilized cotton balls.

【Experiment step】：

1. Observing teacher’s demonstration：The teacher shows how to operate the instrument of electrotherapy, 3-edged needle, and skin needle.

2 .Practice exercises: The students do the exercises skillfully and standardly in pairs after the demonstration.