第二章 腧穴总论P15

　　Chapter 2, Shu Acupoints Theory

　　1，概念：腧穴（acu-point)是人体脏腑经络之气输注于体表的特殊部位。腧本为“输”，简作“俞”，有转输、输注的含义；穴有孔隙的意思。

　　1，Concept: Shu acupoint is that human Zang-Fu and meridians’ Qi carries and transfers to special locations of body surface

　　2，别称：节、会、气穴、气府、骨空；孔穴、穴道、穴位；

　　2，Other name: Jie (node),  Hui (concentrated together), Qi Xue(Qi point), Qi Fu (Qi Fu), Kong Xue (Hole Point), Xue Dao (Channel), Xue Wei ( Point), all called Shu acupoints.

　　3，腧、输、俞的不同

　　3，Differences of Shu, Shu, Shu

　　4，腧穴(acu-points)—穴位的统称；

　　4，Shu Xue (acupoint): all  name of points

　　5，输穴—指五输穴的专称及第三个穴位名；

　　5，Shu acupoints: Five Shu Point in specialty, the third point is called Shu, means carry out.

　　6，俞穴—为脏腑之气输注于背部的部位，即五脏和六腑的背俞穴的专称。

　　6，Shu acupoints: locations on back which carries and transfers Zang- Fu Qi, namely back Shu of Five Zang and Six Fu in specialty

　　第一节腧穴 (acu-points)的发展、分类和命名 P15

　　The first section: the development, classification and name of  Shu acu-point

　　一, 腧穴的发展１最初阶段——以痛为输２第二阶段——定位、定名阶段３第三阶段——定位、定名、归经阶段。《针灸逢源》定经穴３６１个。

　　I, Shu acupoint development ：Three stage development. 1, the first stage: pain as a Shu. 2, the second stage: location, name 3, the third stage: location, name, channel tropism <> has named 361 acupoints.

　　二, 腧穴的分类(Classification of Acu-points)

　　II, Classification of Shu acupoints

　　１，十四经穴14 Jing Xue (Channel points or acupoints of fourteen meridians)

　　特征: 固定的名称和位置，主治，属于十四经脉

　　Characteristic :A channel point has its fiexed name,  location and specific indication. It belongs to 14 meridians.

　　２，奇穴 Qi Xue (Extra points)

　　奇穴: 有一定的名称，没有固定的位置，有主治。 没有归入14正经。

　　2， Extra points: A channel point has its definite name, specific indication but no fixed location. It doesn’t belong to 14 meridians.

　　３，阿是穴 A Shi Xue （又称为天应穴、不定穴、压痛点Ashi points）

　　阿是穴（又称为天应穴、不定穴、压痛点Ashi points）

　　没有固定名称，没有固定位置，以压痛点或者病变反映点作为穴位的方法。

　　3, An Ashi-point refers to the site which is neither a point of the fourteen channels nor an fixed name. It relates to the tender spots or sick location as a point. So called Ashi Points

　　三, 腧穴的命名(部位、作用、天体地貌、动植物、建筑物、中医理论)

　　III, Name of Shu acupoints (according to parts, action, sky or earth, animal or plant, building, TCM theory)

　　1,  部位命名：

　　1, Name from location

　　2， 治疗作用命名:

　　2, Name from treatment action

　　3， 天体地貌命名:

　　3, Name from sky and earth

　　4， 动植物命名：

　　4, Name from animas, plants

　　5， 建筑物命名:

　　5, Name from building

　　6， 中医学理论命名:

　　6, Name from TCM theory#p#副标题#e#

　　第二节腧穴的主治特点和规律P17

　　The Second section: indication, characteristics and rules

　　一, 主治特点

　　I, indication and  characteristics

　　（一）近治作用:“腧穴所在，主治所在”

　　(I) Close local therapeutic Effects: ”where are acupoints, where are indication ”

　　（二）远治作用: “经脉所过，主治所及”

　　II, Remote Therapeutic Effects:” where meridians pass, where indications treat.”

　　(三) 特殊作用 :指某些腧穴具有双向的良性调节作用和相对的特异治疗作用

　　III, Special Therapeutic Effects: Bi-directional regulation and  relative specific effects.

　　二, 主治规律

　　II．   Indication and  Rule

　　（一）分经主治规律

　　(I)Indication and Rule of Brach meridians

　　（二）分部主治规律

　　(II) Indication and Rule of parts

　　第三节 特定穴(specific Points)

　　The third sections: Specific Points P23

　　1，概念：指在十四经穴中有一部分腧穴除具有经穴的共同主治特点外，还有其特殊的性能和治疗作用。

　　1，Concept : Apart from  part of acupoints of 14 meridians have common characteristic of meridian points, they have specific action and treatment effects.

　　一, 特定穴的意义

　　I,  Significance of  specific points

　　二, 特定穴的分类和特点  see 迟针灸学讲稿7

　　II，Classification and characteristic of  specific points

　　（一）五输穴(Five transport points)

　　（二）原穴:Yuan-primary/source Points、

　　络穴： Luo-connecting Points :

　　（三）郄穴(Xi-cleft Points):

　　（四）背俞穴(Back-Shu Points)

　　募穴(Front –Mu Points):

　　（五）下合穴 : Lower He-Sea Points:

　　（六）八会穴 :  Eight Influential Points:

　　（七）八脉交会穴 : Eight Confluent Points:

　　（八）交会穴 ：Crossing Points#p#副标题#e#

　　第四节 腧穴的定位方法 P 24

　　The Fourth Section ：Methods for Locating Points  P 24

　　一、骨度分寸法

　　I, Acupoint-located method by bone proportional cun or bone-length measurement

　　概念：指主要以骨节为标志，将两骨节之间的长度折量为一定的分寸，用以确定腧穴位置的方法。

　　Concept :  osteocomma as a symbol, length between two osteocommas as a rule, make  the methods of location of Shu acupoints

　　See the below picture:

　　二、体表解剖标志定位法

　　II, Acupoint-located method by anatomical landmark

　　１固定标志法

　　1, Fixed antomic landmarks

　　２活动标志法：听宫 SI19, 颊车St 6

　　2, Moving landmarks : Ting gong SI19, Jiache St 6

　　三、手指同身寸定位法

　　III,  Finger Measurement or finger-cun measurement method

　　依据患者本人手指为尺寸折量标准来量取腧穴的定位方法.

　　This method refers to the proportional measurement method for locating acupuncture points based on the size of fingers of the person to be measured .

　　１,中指同身寸: 以患者中指节桡侧两端纹头之间的距离为一寸。

　　1, Middle finger’s cun: the distance between the ends of the two radial creases of the interphalangeal joint s of the middle finger is taken as 1F-cun when the thumb and the middle finger are bent.

　　２.拇指同身寸: 以患者拇指的指间关节的宽度作为一寸。

　　2, Thumb’s cun: the width of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb is taken as 1 F-cun

　　３横指同身寸: 患者的食指，中指，无名指和小指合并，以中指中结横纹为标准，四指合并为三寸。

　　3,   Row finger’s cun  (一夫法）:When the index ,middle ,ring and little fingers  are  closed together, the Width of the four fingers on the dorsal crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger is taken as 3 F-cun。 It is called “Yi Fu Fa”

　　四、简便定位法

　　IV, Simple Measure

　　例如：列缺，风市

　　For example: Lie Que , LU7,  Feng Shi (GB31)

　　Dictation vocabulary of TCM:

　　内侧:Medial

　　外侧:Lateral

　　平面plane

　　上面和下面：Superior and inferior:

　　前面和后面:   Anterior and posterior

　　腹部正中线 ：anterior midline on the lower abdomen

　　接近的，邻近的Proximal

　　仰卧Supine position

　　仰卧Lie on your back

　　平卧Flat position

　　俯卧Lie on your stomach

　　侧卧Lie on your side

　　背侧，背的Dorsal

　　腹的，腹侧的，前侧的Closer to the ventral

　　腧穴的分类Classification of Acu-points

　　十四经穴14 Jing Xue : Channel points or acupoints of fourteen meridians

　　奇穴:  Extra points

　　阿是穴:A Shi Xue

　　特定穴的意义Significance of  specific points

　　五输穴(Five transport points)

　　原穴:Yuan-primary/source Points、

　　络穴： Luo-connecting Points :

　　郄穴(Xi-cleft Points):

　　背俞穴(Back-Shu Points)

　　募穴：Front Mo points

　　下合穴 : Lower He-Sea Points:

　　八会穴 :  Eight Influential Points:

　　八脉交会穴 : Eight Confluent Points:

　　交会穴 ：Crossing Points

　　骨度分寸法:Acupoint-located method by bone proportional cun or bone-length measurement

　　体表解剖标志定位法: Acupoint-located method by anatomical landmark

　　固定标志法: Fixed antomic landmarks

　　活动标志法：Moving landmarks

　　手指同身寸法：Finger Measurement or finger-cun measurement method

　　中指同身寸：Middle finger’s cun:

　　拇指同身寸:  Thumb’s cun:

　　横指同身寸:  Row finger’s cun

　　简便定位法：Simple Measure#p#副标题#e#

　　Quiz 3

　　I， 名词解释：可用中文

　　1，Finger Measurement or finger-cun measurement method

　　2, Shi Point:

　　II， 论述题：

　　Describing Zu San Li (St36),Shang Ju Xu, Shao Sang, Yin Ling Quan, Guan Yuans’ location ?

　　III, 多选题，其中1-5 可能都是对的。错误不给分。

　　1, Acupoint-located method by bone proportional cun or bone-length measurement means ____________________

　　A, 体表解剖标志定位法

　　B, 骨度分寸法

　　C, 手指同身寸定位法

　　D, 简便定位法

　　2, Acupoint-located method by anatomical landmark means ____________________

　　A, 体表解剖标志定位法

　　B, 骨度分寸法

　　C, 手指同身寸定位法

　　D, 简便定位法

　　3,Finger Measurement or finger-cun measurement method means ____________________

　　A, 体表解剖标志定位法

　　B, 骨度分寸法

　　C, 手指同身寸定位法

　　D, 简便定位法

　　4, Simple Measure means ____________________

　　A, 体表解剖标志定位法

　　B, 骨度分寸法

　　C, 手指同身寸定位法

　　D, 简便定位法

　　15, Row finger’s cun  (一夫法）is

　　A, 1 finger

　　B,  2 finger

　　C,  1 cun

　　D,  Four fingers

　　E,  Three fingers

　　16, Thumb’s cun is

　　A, 1 finger

　　B, 2 finger

　　C, 5 cun

　　D, Four fingers

　　E, Three fingers

　　17, Middle finger’s cun is

　　A, 1 finger

　　B,  2 finger

　　C,  5 cun

　　D,  Four fingers

　　E,  Three fingers

　　18, Who is person to create  located method by finger ?

　　A、He Rouyu     B、Hua Boren     C、Huatuo

　　D、Sun Ximiao      E、Yang Jizhou

　　4，中翻英

　　(1)腧穴的发展１最初阶段——以痛为输２第二阶段——定位、定名阶段３第三阶段——定位、定名、归经阶段。《针灸逢源》定经穴３６１个。

　　(2)腧穴（acu-point)是人体脏腑经络之气输注于体表的特殊部位。腧本为“输”，简作“俞”，有转输、输注的含义；穴有孔隙的意思。

　　5， 英翻中

　　(1)An Ashi-point refers to the site which is neither a point of the fourteen channels nor an fixed name. It relates to the tender spots or sick location as a point. So called Ashi Points

　　(2)Apart from  part of acupoints of 14 meridians have common characteristic of meridian points, they have specific action and treatment effects.

　　(3)Shu acupoints: locations on back which carries and transfers Zang- Fu Qi, namely back Shu of Five Zang and Six Fu in specialty

　　作业  特定穴

　　Dictation of TCM vocabulary and

　　五输穴:Five transport points

　　原穴:Yuan-primary/source Points、

　　络穴:Luo-connecting Points

　　郄穴:Xi-cleft Points

　　背俞穴:Back-Shu Points:

　　募穴：Front Mo points

　　下合穴 : Lower He-Sea Points:

　　八会穴 :  Eight Influential Points:

　　八脉交会穴 : Eight Confluent Points:

　　交会穴 ：Crossing Points Quiz  7

　　Quiz  7

　　1，Translate the follow English into Chinese

　　(1)Yuan Primary/ Source Points :  acupoints where Zang-Fu original Qi transfers , passes, stops four limbs in twelve meridians. Most of them distributes around ankle joints. Yin meridian is Shu (transfer) as a Yuan(original). Yang meridian is others.

　　(2)Five Transport Points: 5 specific points of 12 meridians around under knee, Namely Jing (Well) for heart , Ying (Spring) for fever , Shu(Stream) for joint pain, Jing(Rive) for cough and He(Sea) for Zang –Fu diseases

　　2, Translate the follow Chinese  into English

　　(1) 络穴：十五络穴。十二经脉各有一个络穴分出，分布在四肢关节以下。任络脉鸠尾，督脉络脉长强。脾之大络大包。列缺LU7， 偏历LI6 ，丰隆ST40，公孙Sp4，通里HT5， 支正SI7 ，飞扬BL58， 大钟KI4， 内关PC6， 外关SJ5， 光明GB37， 蠡沟LR5， 长强Du1， 鸠尾R15 ， 大包SP21

　　(2) 八会穴：脏，腑，气，血，筋，脉，骨，髓精气汇聚的8个穴位。其中脏，腑，气，血之会穴位于躯干，筋，脉，骨，髓位于四肢

　　3, 填空

　　1, 15 collateral points are called ( 十五络穴 ) in Chinese .

　　2, Lung Meridian ‘s Luo- connecting points is    (   丰隆ST40  )

　　3, Extra points: A channel point has its definite name, specific indication but no fixed  ( location 位置). It doesn’t belong to 14 meridians.

　　4, Xi-cleft Point: location which meridians’ Qi  of twelve meridian, extra meridians such as Yin, Yang Qiao meridian(Heel Vessel), Yin and Yang Wei meridians(Link Vessel) ( get together deeply深聚 )

　　5, An Ashi-point refers to  (the tender spots or sick location)  as a point.

　　6, Finger Measurement refers to the proportional measurement method for locating acupuncture points based on the size (of fingers of the person to be measured) .

　　是非题

　　8， Yuan-Primary  Points of Heart Meridian of Hand Shao Yin is Da Ling, its collateral point is Tong Li.  (    X   )

　　9， Liver’s Mu point is Ri Yue (LR13). Gallbladder’s Mu Point is Qi Men (LR 14)

　　(  X   )

　　10，Eight Influential Points are Eight acupoints which  Zang, Fu, Qi , Blood, Tendon, Pulse, Bone, Marrow  ( v  )

　　11, Five Transport Points are 5 specific points of 12 meridians around under knee, Namely Jing (Well) for heart , Ying (Spring) for fever , Shu(Stream) for joint pain, Jing(Rive) for cough and He (Sea) for Zang –Fu diseases (  V   )

　　12, Front Mo points are points which Zang –Fu Qi transfer to chest and abdomen area. (v  )#p#副标题#e#

　　4, 以下多选题，可选择1-5个答案。选错不给分。

　　8,Eight Influential Points are related as  the follow  _____________________

　　A, Zang

　　B, eye

　　C, ear

　　D, Qi

　　E, Liquid

　　9， Eight Influential Points are related as  the follow  _____________________

　　A, Bone

　　B, eye’s tear

　　C, urine

　　D, Marrow

　　E,  Tendon

　　10, Ren Meridian ‘s Luo- connecting points is    ________________________.

　　A, Jiu Wei

　　B,  Chang Qiang

　　C, Da Bao

　　D, Lie Que

　　E,  Tendon

　　11,  Du Meridian ‘s Luo- connecting points is    ________________________.

　　A, Jiu Wei

　　B,  Chang Qiang

　　C, Da Bao

　　D, Lie Que

　　E,  Tendon

　　12,   Spleen Meridian ‘s Luo- connecting points is    ________________________.

　　A, Jiu Wei

　　B,  Chang Qiang

　　C, Da Bao

　　D, Lie Que

　　E,  Tendon

　　13, Lung Meridian ‘s Luo- connecting points is    ________________________.

　　A, Jiu Wei

　　B,  Chang Qiang

　　C, Da Bao

　　D, Lie Que

　　E,  Tendon

　　14,Transfer meridian Qi and modify Six Fu  more belong to  （        ）

　　A、 Primary points  B、 Connecting points

　　C、Xi-Cleft points  D、 Lower He points

　　E、 Jin-well points

　　15, Treat fever and hot sick, best choice is as the below

　　A、 Primary points  B、 Connecting points

　　C、Xi-Cleft points  D、 Lower He points

　　E、 Jin-well points

　　16,According to the characteristics of specific points, (    ) is mostly used to treat hemorrhage diseases.

　　A、 Primary points  B、 Connecting points

　　C、Xi-Cleft points  D、 Lower He points

　　E、 Jin-well points

　　17, The Points relate to “Si Zhong Xie Ge”(四总穴歌)are（          ）

　　A、Zu san li (ST 36)    B、Wei Zhong ( BL40)    C、Shen Mai（BL62）

　　D、Lieque（LU7）        E、Hegu（LI4）

　　18,The Yuan-primary Point of Lung, Heart, Spleen ,Liver channels are（        ）

　　A、Shen men(HT 7)    B、Taichong(LR3)    C、Taixi(KI3)

　　D、Taibai(SP3)    E、Taiyuan(LU 9)